Hamlet vs Lion King Essay

Some may say that Disney’s the Lion King is a children’s version of Shakespear’s Hamlet. There are many similarities and differences. In the very opening scene of the Lion King Mufasa, the king of the pridelands confronts his brother Scar. This is similar to Hamlet, shortly after Hamlet visits his mother and kills Polonius, there is a meeting between him and Claudius. Both of the kings visit their sons and give them advice that sets them into action. Mufasa appears to SImba in the stars and tells him to take his place as king. Hamlet’s father appears as a ghost and tells Hamlet to take revenge on his uncle. Another similarity is both families are royal families. The uncles are also very similar. In the Lion King Simba has an evil uncle named Scar. Scar is jealous of his brother because he wants to be king, so Scar kills his brother and becomes king. Hamlet has an uncle named Claudius who becomes king by killing his brother also. Both have close relations ships with people. The Lion King, Simba develops a close relationship with Timone and Pumbaa, along with those two he has the love of his life Nala. In Hamlet, Hamlet’s friend is Horatio, one of his good friends from college. Hamlet’s love interest is Ophelia. Another similarity is that both princes end up leaving. In the Lion King Simba runs away because Scar tells him too, so he can become king. Hamlet’s Uncle convinces him to go to England. Both of them are sent away to be killed, but neither of them do. Both Movies the princes end up fighting their uncles. Simba fights Scar who is killed by the annoying hyenas. Hamlet kills his uncle with a sword that is poisoned. Last, both Simba and Hamlet have to overcome a decision. Simba has to learn not to run away from his fears and step up and take his place in the world. Hamlet had to decide whether or not he should kill his uncle. The differences between the Lion King and Hamlet are that Simba was young when his father died and Hamlet was probably in his mid adulthood. Another is that Simba’s mother and Scar never get married after Mufasa’s death, but Hamlet’s mother marries Hamlet’s mother. In the Lion King there was a happy ending when Simba and Nala get married and have a baby, where as in Hamlet there was not such a happy ending because Hamlet and Ophelia never get married because they both die. In Hamlet a lot more people die than in the Lion King where Mufasa and Scar die. And of course to finish it off the Lion King has lions, whereas Hamlet has humans.

Athenian Acropolis Paper

The Athenian Acropolis could be considered the most representative of the Greek Acropolis. The Athenian Acropolis is located on the top of a mountain and it was used as a defense and as a site of the main places of worship. The entrance to the Acropolis is a gate called Propylaia performed by the architect Mnesikles. At the front right side of the Propylaia, there is an Ionic building named the Temple of the Athena Nike designed by Kallikrates. A great statue of Athena created by Phidias, was originally stood in the center.To the right of where this sculpture was, there is the Parthenon. The architects that carried out this building were Iktinos and Kallikrates. The Parthenon is a Doric temple, which was designed with slight corrections in order to counteract the optical effects of perspective; therefore, all apparently straight lines were actually slightly sculpted curves in order to create harmony. To the left and at the end of the Acropolis, it is the Erechtheion, which is an Ioni c temple and it has a platform supported by six caryatids.Elgin was a British ambassador in Constantinople, he had the idea to take all the monuments of the Parthenon sculptures and take them to his country. As ambassador, he received some papers from the Ottoman sultan to take some pieces from the floor of the Acropolis. Elgin took most of the sculptural decoration of the monuments, columns, and hundreds of pieces and moved to England, and then he sold them to the British Museum where they are still displayed. The Elgin Marbles must return to Athens. Athens was attacked by the Persian soldiers.The Athenians had to leave the city. Later the Athenians defeated the Persians, but Athens was on ruins and it had to be rebuilt. The man in charge about the reconstruction was Pericles. He reunited the better architects, sculptors and artisans and they rebuilt the city. The Propylaia is the entrance to the Acropolis. It was built on 437—432 BCE. The architect in charge of this buildin g was Mnesikles. The centerpiece of the Propylaia has six Doric columns on the fronts, and inside there are two halls separated by a wall with several doors.On each side, two terraces with gates gave access to the interior rooms. One of this terraces displayed pictures from that time. It was built with pentelic marble. The temple of Athena Nike was built on 427—424 BCE. The project was commissioned to Kallikrates, an architect who also worked in the construction of the Parthenon. It is made by Pentelic marble. On both fronts have four Ionic columns of limited height. Among its decorations, it had beautiful sculptures carved on it, and especially a frieze decorated with reliefs representing the fight of the Athenians against the Persians.Something that stands was a relief of Athena holding her sandal. These sculptures are made with great delicacy and elegance of the clothes. The Parthenon was built on 447—438 BCE. The architects of this building were Iktinos and Kallikr ates. It is a Doric temple. It consisted of eight columns on its two main facades and seventeen on the sides surrounding the entire temple. The front of the west represents the fight of Athena and Poseidon to get the patronage of the city. The frieze shows the representation of the Panathenaic procession, the most important religious festival in Athens.The scene is along the four sides of the building and includes figures of gods, beasts and about three hundred and sixty people. The Parthenon had the great statue of the goddess Athena Parthenos, who made Phidias. It was 38-foot-tall and made with gold and savory. The Erechteion is an Ionic temple. It was built on 421—405 BCE. The Erechteion is on the north side of the Acropolis of Athens in honor of Athena and Poseidon. This temple is the achievement of an asymmetric building, with a complex floor that consists of three sections dedicated to different gods.The main porch has six columns on its front, with its interior divide d into different zones, a statue of Athena carved in wood was here. The second part corresponds to the north porch, which was decorated with four columns in front and two on the sides. On the left are three holes, which according to mythology, they were made by Poseidon's trident. The south porch of the Caryatids is a small gallery of great beauty because of the sacred statues that serve as columns. The Caryatids are supporting the architrave. Those that are on the Erechteion right now are copies of the originals.The originals are in the Acropolis Museum and the British Museum. Some of the arguments about the Parthenon Marbles should return to Greece are that the marbles belong to the Parthenon which is a universal monument and not only belong to Greece. If all the pieces return to Greece, historians would be able to analyze better the Parthenon and they could come up with conclusions or discover new things if it is appreciated as a whole. Another argument is that Elgin did not have the permit to take pieces from the Parthenon, he just had permit to take a few pieces from the floor.The Parthenon Marbles are not the principal attraction in the British Museum, in the other hand if they return to Athens, tourists, historians and the Greeks can observe and analyze them in a better way. Some sculptures were sculpted in order to keep them white but this caused damage to the sculptures because the original paint was removed. One of the arguments why the British Museum does not want to return the pieces is due to Pollution, but now Athens has a museum next to the Parthenon which it is acclimated in order to prevent damage to the Marbles.At the British Museum, there are amounts of other treasures, and the Parthenon Marbles are unique in the world that is why they should be returned to Greece, because they are part of its history and heritage. On the other hand about this debate, there are also arguments about why the Parthenon Marbles should stay in the British Museum. One of the arguments by which the Parthenon Marbles should stay at the British Museum is that it is the most visited museum in the world and has no cost.People already know that the Parthenon Marbles are at the British Museum, they have been there for years, therefore; they are already an important collection of the Museum. Some experts say that the Parthenon Marbles should be returned. But others say they are safer in museums in other countries. In the case of the Parthenon Marbles, for example, experts claim that they are protected from pollution in Athens. If the museum returns the Parthenon Marbles a global war can begin and countries can start claiming their treasures.The Parthenon Marbles have been at the British Museum by years in a good condition, if they return to Athens can be damaged during the transfer. Greece must be grateful to the British Museum for taking care of these marbles and should stay at the British Museum for standing there too many years. That is why the P arthenon Marbles should stay at the British Museum. I think what it really a matter is where the marbles are. The Parthenon Marbles were created as an integral part of the temple.I am studying Travel and Tourism, and I know that when people travel or go to museums, they like to see and enjoy the complete exhibition, not only a few parts of the exhibition or collection. That’s why I think the Parthenon Marbles should be in their original place which is Greece. The marbles are not the principal attraction in the British Museum, they should be in their original place so that tourists can appreciate the entire collection. The Parthenon Marbles are a symbol of Greece culture and they should be to the place that they belong.

Interpersonal Conflict in the Movie Hitch Essay

This article to me proves to be somewhat true. I do feel that when you are in a relationship with someone you do tend to feel that you know this person well and can understand what the other person is simply saying at that time. When you are the person trying to communicate it should be as clear as possible. Like in the article the man misunderstood what she was saying but he had no way of knowing because if she was hot temperature wise she should have just said it in a way where he would know she meant temperature wise. This could also put a major strain on relationship between people. There would always be arguments or something because you and whoever would never be able to communicate successfully with one another. It would be nothing but miscommunication because you would have thought that you would be close enough to someone appears to create the illusion of understanding more than actual understanding. (U. S. News & World Report) Miscommunication played a major role in something that happen to me one day. We were having a pizza party for the class and we need to buy extra pizza for the teachers because the kids could only eat cheese. The issue was that some did not eat the same type of pizza as others. So, after that a coworker and I decided we wanted supreme and the others wanted chicken pizza. My understanding was that her and I was going half and half on the supreme pizza because when we made the order we both were telling our coworker what we did and did not want on the pizza. As the pizza arrived they gave her a whole pizza and they brought a supreme pizza upstairs which we was trying to figure out who pizza it was because other people was asking for some but we did not want to give it away until we knew who the pizza belonged to. However, after talking to my coworker she stated that the others thought we had just took their pizza to because it was in our class and did not know they were sending people to ask for the pizza because it was in our room but how were we suppose to know. It got me kind of upset and she told me not to worry about it. So later that day in the meeting after school I felt I needed to address the problem and told my coworkers how were we suppose to know the pizza in our room because our class is upstairs and you guys did not want the kids to see that type of pizza because they could not be offered any. They should have told us that they were coming to our room to eat instead of thinking we were trying to take the pizza they bought. From that day forward we made sure that we understand clearly what we are ordering and doing when it comes to lunch time or whatever.

Trip to India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Trip to India - Essay Example The bride is not allowed to take bath or showers until the wedding day and she remains a bit casual and is not allowed to go outside her house lest the evil spirits make her ill. The young girls encircle the bride, sing songs and perform various types of dances related to their popular culture including qawwali, bhangra, luddi, ghazal-contest and folk dance. The women of the families also join the young girls in their fervor and joys during the dance performance. The ceremony usually starts by the evening and ends within three to four hours. The second day of the whole ceremony is called henna ritual or â€Å"racism-e-mehndi† function. This function is either performed jointly by the families of bridegroom and bride or separately at their residences or ceremony-halls have been built for the same purpose. The function begins late at night and lasts usually until dawn. The ladies from the groom side enter the bride’s house carrying multi-colored candles, the bouquet of re d roses and other flowers, perfumes, multihued sweets in jubilant packing and the dresses and gold jewelry for the bride to be worn on the marriage day. The young girls divide into two groups and commence song contests with music particularly on â€Å"dhol† or drum-beat, which captures the attention of all the participants of the ceremony. Beetle or â€Å"paan† is served with tea before dinner, and the supper usually consists of rice with all pulses, which is called â€Å"daal-channel† in the local language.

The Principles and Rules used by Jundges to Interpret Statutes Essay

The Principles and Rules used by Jundges to Interpret Statutes - Essay Example According to the fictitious Act that has been used for his arrest, if Derek is defined as an employee than he is considered exempt, but if by throwing a party he has acted independently of that definition, then he is guilty of the charges. The following discussion will consider the position of Derek in relationship with his charged offense and use the rules and principles that judges utilize in order to make a judgement about the problem of the party. The definition of Derek’s position in relationship to his use of the land is vital in order to come to a well rendered conclusion. Judges and the Law The interpretation of a law becomes common law when a statute does not directly address an aspect of a situation that comes for judgment and a ruling will help to define that aspect. A judge, however, will not come into contradiction with a standing law in order to favor a different outcome to a trial (Miller and Cross 2011, p. 12). The intention of this structure is so that the law is consistent to the point at which it has already been defined, but is flexible at the points that have yet to be defined. In this way, the law grows and benefits from the learning process as human experience is developed and knowledge is gained. One of the most debatable positions on the standard of the rights of judges to debate the merits of law is through the â€Å"the rule in Heydon’s Case† which was defined in 1584. Lord Coke said at that time that â€Å"The office of all the judges is always to make such construction as shall suppress the mischief, and advance the remedy, and to suppress subtle inventions, and evasion for continuance of the mischief and pro private commodo, and to add force and life to the cure and remedy, according to the true intent of the makers of the Act, pro bono publico† (Solan 2010). This statement, whether or not one believed in the context from which it was created, clearly states that the law is the intention of interpretatio ns by judges. There are fixed rules and principles by which law is interpreted by judges in England in order to put limitations on the liberties that judges might use when interpreting statutes. A statute must be interpreted with equity so that the fairness of the law is the defining principle upon which it is interpreted. Where case law and legislative law come into conflict, Parliamentary Sovereignty is the ruling principle in which legislation will be considered over case law. Substantive law dictates that a law must be defined by standards of moral intent that are in line with the general understanding of right and wrong. Deference suggests that where others have interpreted law in one direction, it is likely that the law should continue in that direction of interpretation (Smith 1848, p. 828). Derek’s Position: Discussion The fictitious Prohibition of Unsolicited Parties Act 2010 suggests that ‘a gathering of more than a hundred people on land for a social purpose in which alcohol will be consumed’ (section 1) is a criminal offense when permission for this event has not been organised under the permission of a local magistrate (section 2). The exception to this, which is laid out in section 3 is that the occupant of the land, his family, his employee, or an agent operating under his

Young people's news consumption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Young people's news consumption - Essay Example There were implications for the decline in news readership for the role of mass media in creating an informed citizenry (Mindich, 2005). The value of news, whether being portrayed through television or via media, has been found to vary among different age groups. Even news on television fails to attract the interest of young crowd who often claim to follow the news only when something of particular relevance to them is happening. In fact, about 64% of the young adult viewers in UK have been found to have no interest for the news happening everyday on television. (Ursell, 2003) Today, the technology of journalism has improved significantly. The mode of presenting news to its viewers has been shifting from print age to digital age. But the culture of news consumption on daily basis has not developed yet among the young people. As said by Roger â€Å"With each passing year, young people grow less interested in the news, regardless of how it's delivered† (Roger, p. 1, 2009). With each passing year, young people have lost their interest on news, no matter in how they are delivered. (Ursell, 2003; Mindich, 2005) Statistics have shown that both newspaper circulation and network newscast ratings have declined persistently and the audience that was there grows ever older. (Even morning news shows, once thought immune to such trends, are now losing viewers.) â€Å"A Harvard survey found that only one in 20 teens and one in 12 young adults read a newspaper on close to a daily basis†. (Rogers, p.1 2009) On the other hand, the news casted online, fares a little better. In 2008, a recent study found that about 64% of 18-to-24-year-olds had viewed a newspaper online within the last year. But by 2009 that also had dropped to 54%. The figures are even more worrisome when the study focuses on whether a respondent had read online news at all - even once - in the last year. Hence, it is necessary to look into the matter that contributes to low news consumption among the youth. (Rogers, 2009) Causes of low news consumption among youth: Time constraints: The young crowd, especially the teenagers has lot of activities during a day. They have to attend school and some also have to go for work. They also have their other personal interests like sports, entertainment and socializing. As a result, they have very less time to have a watch on the news. It is not that they do not want to know what is happening over the world but the problem is that by the time they have a chance to look for news they become very tired. That time they want to relax more rather than to have a look on the news channels. (Hesmondhalgh, 2006; Mindich, 2005) Trivial and sensationalized news content: At times it has been seen young people criticizing the media for promoting gossip based stories, such as repeatedly broad casting the stories of the death of Anna Nicole Smith and the story covering Britney Spears shaving her head and going to rehab. The young crowd believes that t here are many newsworthy stories that should come up prominently and aired properly. They often get bored by the content of the news as they feel it to be boring, not newsworthy, trivial, and depressing. (Leadbeater and Oakley, 1999; Zerba 2004). Dated delivery approaches: The young crowd prefers more short writings both in newspaper and on the internet and for instant delivery on the television. They want the news content to be presented in a proper way that will takes full advantage of the medium through which it is being delivered and should be right to the point. . (Leadbeater and Oakley, 1999; Zerba 2004). Negative parental influence: Even though most of the families subscribed to a newspaper, many of these respondents are not encouraged to read the newspaper. . (Leadbeater an

Technology and the Written Word Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Technology and the Written Word - Essay Example However, in the ancient world, writing was not practical for most due to technological limitations. Written language as we know it today is the product of thousands of years of technological advancement, not advancement in the language itself. From papyrus to typesetting to computers, the history of language is a history of technology. The situation is no different today with the introduction of new communication mediums like text messaging, email, and the internet, all of which have had significant effects on how we communicate and live in the community. From the technology we use to communicate in the modern world we derive a number of benefits, such as the ability to store, transmit, and link texts remotely from anywhere on the globe to anywhere else. However, there does seem to be, for some, a backlash of complaints against technological advancement and the drawback it has on global language use, including the objection that technology corrodes proper language use and forces soci al interaction through electronic means to be empty. In comparison with the benefits of technology on language, these costs of a technology-laden form of communication are slight, and it is a mistake to argue that technology is corrupting language when technology has been enhancing communication for the past five to six thousand years. The fact that all technology influences language is an undeniable fact. Technology is, as a matter of fact, a â€Å"means to extend man’s reach† (Moore, 2005), and this fact alone relates it to natural languages. To use an example, air-traffic controllers use radio communication to make airplane travel safer. It is derived from radar and weather-forecasting technologies and is sent to users of aircraft technology to transport people to locations they would never otherwise be able to reach, in order to speak to people face to face instead of over the phone. This interconnection of language and technology

Comparative Politics Research Paper topic Assignment

Comparative Politics Research Paper topic - Assignment Example The rise of sectarianism in both Bahrain and Kuwait is firmly held in the venerable problems of governance and the elite manipulation of the Sunni and Shiite identities. Massive loss of lives in the gulf region has been as a result of the deep religious differences between these two sects. The re-emergence of identity politics in Bahrain and Saudi Arabia has left in its tail worrying number of deaths in close by countries and the continued manipulation of the identity by the ruling families might degenerate into violence in these countries. According to Saikal and Acharya (7), during the spring, protesters in Bahrain were quelled through manipulation of the sectarian divide. The stability of the political system in Saudi Arabia on the other hand ensured that the protests were unheard of in the monarchial state. Interests in the sectarianism politics in the region has aroused a lot of interest; particularly, the causes and the manner in which it continues to shape politics in the two

Critique Inferential Presentation-Statistics Essay

Critique Inferential Presentation-Statistics - Essay Example So, with ÃŽ ± = 0.05, the critical value of F in this analysis of variance test was F0.05 (1, 4) = 230. Since computed F (FC) is less than Tabulated F (FT), Ho is accepted. This is because the result of the â€Å"Analysis of Variance† (ANOVA) shows that the computed F (12.43) is less than the tabular values of F-statistics (230) at 0.05 degree of freedom (1, 4). This means that there is no significant difference between the variables of amounts claimed and amounts reimbursed in relation to â€Å"legitimate† expense claims. The resultant R Square 0.7565 is very close to 1 and it is above 0.75 which means that the correlation is near normal curve distribution, so, it is interpreted as very high positive correlation. Thus, in percentile (%), 75.65 is an indicator of significant relationship between the variables of amounts claimed and amounts reimbursed in relation to â€Å"legitimate† expense claims. Finally, the R square of 0.756494365is quite near to the adjusted R square 0.695617957. This means that the regression model approximately fits the data. The variables of amounts claimed and amounts reimbursed in relation to â€Å"legitimate† expense claims are not significant in the full regression equation. This is because the p-value of the two variables is not equal to zero. All of the test statistic values were very close to 1.96 which means that the hypothesis is rejected. The test statistics value of the Y-Intercept is z = 140.868609 / 26.70413145 = 5.275161606. The value falls near in the right rejection region. The test statistics value of P Claimed (250.5) = 0.283748969/ 0.0804926= 3.525155969. The value falls near in the right rejection

Awareness of safety aspects Essay Example for Free

Awareness of safety aspects Essay Safety aspects, in relation to environment and equipment, include checking the area you are about to do your activity in, i.e. if youre are going to play football, check there is no dangerous items such as large stones or glass on the pitch and to also check the equipment you are going to use to do your activity, to make sure it is all safe and provides proper protection, for example if you going to play football, check your football and goal posts if they are all in good condition, and ware adequate protection, for the game such as shin pads. We need to warm up for several reasons. One is to prepare mentally for the exercise we are about to do and to get our minds in the correct state to carry out the necessary physical exercises. The other is to warm up physically, to stretch the muscles so they are not all tensed up when we go to do physical activity. This makes our bodies a lot more flexible and a lot more prepared for a game situation. It is necessary to warm up the different muscle groups. For example, warming up your biceps and triceps by reaching for your toes and also warming up your hamstrings by doing squat thrusts to warm up your muscles. You should aim to warm up different muscles at different intervals, so as not to warm up your upper-body muscles all in one go whilst leaving out your lower-body muscles. First, for my warm up we will jog around the gym doing around 5 laps and while jogging around the gym I will be shouting out things i.e. left hand down, right hand down, get down and do 10 press ups and so on. After we have stretched off properly I will play a game called bull dog this game is really easy to play and enjoyable as well so how you play is two people (bull dogs) have to stand in the centre of the gym and shout out one of the persons name and what the person does is shouts out proper loud bull dogs so every one has to go from one end of the gym to the other without getting caught and if you do get court your a bull dog as well so this means that the last man standing wins. This game is good for warming you up because it includes a lot of running in the game. There are three phases to a warm up and they are  Pulse raiser: The aim of the pulse raiser is to elevate the heart rate and respiratory rate by doing light physical activity. This increases the blood flow and helps with the transportation of oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles. This also helps to increase the muscle temperature, allowing for a more effective static stretch. Stretches: Stretching is one of the most critical parts of the Warm Up and of my performance. A more flexible muscle is a stronger and healthier muscle. A stronger and healthier muscle responds better to exercise and activities and helps prevent athlete injury. Before sprinting I stretch for up to 7-12minutes.Bend both knees and put the soles of your feet on the floor to begin.  Leaving one leg bent, straighten the other leg and hold either, behind the thigh or if you are flexible behind the calf. Ensure the flats of your feet remain in contact with the floor at all times  For that additional stretch gently push the flat of the foot out in front of you into the floor.  Hold this stretch for 15 30 seconds and repeat on the opposite side. Gluteus Stretch Performed in a supine position. Lie flat out and bend your knees, placing the sole of your feet on the floor. Take leg (a) and place one foot on the knee of the opposite leg (b). Reach through the gap and around the outside of the leg (b), which is bent and on the floor, pull the leg in as far as, is comfortable. Feel the stretch in the buttocks of leg  Hold this stretch for 15 30 seconds  Gluteal stretch  Sit upright with your legs stretched out in front of you. Bend one leg (a) and place it over the top of the straight leg (b). Put the sole of the foot of leg (a) on the floor and hug the knee towards the chest. Feel the stretch in the buttocks on the side of leg. Hold this stretch for 15 30 seconds. A quadriceps stretch- flat on the floor  Lie face down, with your body in a straight line. Bend one leg aiming to put your heel on your buttocks.  Take hold of the ankle and relax in this position. To increase the stretches push your hips into the floor  Hold this stretch for 15 30 seconds  quadriceps stretch performed in a standing position  Ensure your supporting leg is slightly bent and use a wall for support if necessary. Bend your knee and take hold of the ankle of the leg, gently pull the ankle towards your buttocks. Keep your knees together and your head in line with your spine whilst performing this exercise.

Was Woodrow Wilson A Naive Idealist?

Was Woodrow Wilson A Naive Idealist? Wilson had a clear and definite vision for the USs future role in world affairs, as evidenced by his fourteen points speech, his overwillingness to compromise (in trying to further domestic program agenda, and at the Paris conference), and in his allowing the League of Nations to die when it did not fit his original plans. Wilsons ideas are used even to this day, where Americans, in any conflict regarding foreign policy, see themselves as the force of morality and their opponents as being evil, or corrupted. Also, Americans still believe in the need to spread the ideals of democracy around the world. The fact that Wilson has left so strong of a legacy on Americans shows that his ideals were not naà ¯ve, but instead very well thought out and comprehensive. Pro Summary: Wilson characterized as a noble idealist whose principles have made it difficult for later presidents to develop a foreign policy based on national self-interest. (Kissinger) Believed that Americas global influence was dependent on its selflessness Was able to take once isolationist US into war by first asserting to the public that his administration was devoted to peace. Affirmed that US sought no other gain than to vindicate its principles. Based foreign policy on moralistic ideals like the spread of democracy and spread of American principles as opposed to recognizing issues with balance of power. Had the conviction that the Anglo-Saxon race was superior and had the duty to remake world in their image He thought peace was based on universal law and national trustworthiness instead of equilibrium and national self-assertion. No other country has based international leadership on altruism instead of national interests. Entrance into WWI was not based on national interests at all but rather about moral foundations and abiding by the universal law. The effect of such a moral basis leads to total victory as the only valid goal so compromise is not possible. He didnt understand that the war was actually based on clashing of national interests and power struggle in Europe. Fourteen Points Speech- tried to affirm that war was being fought for moralistic ideals, as opposed to power struggle. He immaturely supported the idea of the League of Nations Believed in morality of the universe, and that nations of the world all interested in protecting peace He thought the war had resulted simply out of public ignorance bt the actual causes were much more complicated. Basic premise behind the League of nations was naive because in nearly all difficult cases nations tend to disagree about the nature of a threat or discrepancy ie. Italian aggressions and the Bosnian crisis Inflexible in ideals Caused by the moral foundation that he was built upon Inflexibility evidenced by tenure at Princeton, and his many strict changes to the school Con Summary: Wilson understood better than his nationalistic opponents the new international role that America would play in world affairs and was therefore not a naà ¯ve idealist. (Carleton) Wilson is being judged by personality traits: double standard at work. Wilson was said to be naà ¯ve even though he wanted to preserve a power balance by preventing Germany from being partitioned but FDR and TR supported harsh peace and forced unconditional surrender understood it. Long term program for America today is still based on Wilsonian liberalism- advocacy of American values like collective security, self-determination, and democracy At the Paris conference, European diplomats were impressed at Wilsons negotiating skills: compromised too much He repeatedly helped make compromises between liberals and conservatives in the Democratic Party and thus was able to pass the Federal Reserve Act, the Clayton Anti-Trust Law, the Federal Trade Commission, and more. In truth, Wilson compromised too much. Claim that he is stubborn is based entirely from fight in the Senate over ratification of the League of Nations Claim that he killed his own brainchild, the League of Nations, is unfounded in that Wilson knew that even if he attempted to appease the southerners, Lodge would eventually put enough reservations on it so as to emasculate it. Truly shows Wilsons determination and consistency in wanting to create a fully functional League Wilson had already attempted to satisfy Lodge with the inclusion of safeguards in the Leauge, but Lodge continued to use the Reservations to change the entire proposal If Wilson had tried to go on with Lodges reservations, other Nations probably wouldnt even join because of the fact that the other nations had to become signees before America even signed on, and thus they became suspicious of the agreement. Wilsons ideals and principles were not even naà ¯ve Wilsons peace without Victory speech demonstrates he had a clear understanding of the balance of power. Able to steer US from war with Mexico, despite tensions, and used diplomatic understanding to help the Mexican revolution be successful. He understood that the only way to prevent war in the future was through collective security- League of Nations. Comparable to todays UN Knew that dividing Germany would not help create a power balance. Able to keep up with need for domestic social reform Wilsons invasion of Haiti in 1915 ended bloody civil war Administration expanded American bureaucracy and was the inspiration for FDRs New Deal. The Treaty of Versailles was the best peace it could have been considering the circumstances and brought forth many revolutionary ideas: The mandate system helped prepare colonies for independence, preventing portioning of Germany, success in confining German responsibilities to civilian damage and Allied military pensions instead of the whole cost of the war.

Methods of Neuropsychological Studies

Methods of Neuropsychological Studies The term ‘syndrome’ denotes the statistical co-occurrence of a cluster of symptoms. However, it is not imperative that all symptoms of a syndrome be present in a given patient. The statistical cluster is supposed to indicate an underlying cause of various symptoms. A major thrust of cognitive neuroscience is the clarification of structure function of relationships in the human brain understanding the relationship between the human brain structure and function is a major focus of cognitive neuroscience. The methods available to achieve this goal have undergone significant changes over the last 15 years; in particular, functional neuroimaging is rapidly replacing neuropsychological studies of people with brain lesions as the central method in this field, over the last several years, functional neuroimaging has risen in prominence relative to the lesion studies that formed the historical core of work in this field. At the outset, it is important to bear in mind that regardless of the specific method used, inferences from impaired performances following brain damage always focus on the same conclusion; which is, an assumption regarding which structures are necessary to perform a given task. The study of cognitive and behavioural consequences of focal brain lesions has been an indispensable method for relating brain structure to function. Lesion studies rely on correlating damaged structure and abnormal function to determine crucial brain regions necessary for normal function. For this purpose it is necessary not only to detect lesions but also to accurately delineate their spatial extent. The lesion method was influential for our understanding of functions as diverse as memory, emotion, hemispheric specialization, language, vision and motor control. For example, recent neuropsychological research has refined our understanding of how emotions are processed, with damage to the amygdala resulting i n difficulty in recognizing whether faces are expressing fear (Adolphs et al., 1995), and damage to the left insula and basal ganglia leading to a selective difficulty in identifying disgust (Calder et al., 2000).Work involving patients with brain damage has also shown that the posterior ventral cortex is involved in recognizing objects, and that the posterior dorsal regions are involved in integrating visual information with goal-directed motor responses e.g. grasping a door handle (Goodale Milner, 1992). Various types of disorders have been described by clinical neurologists and none has been more frequent and vivid than the syndrome of unilateral spatial neglect. Hemispatial neglect is a common disabling condition following unilateral brain damage, particularly of the right hemisphere. Although it can be caused by various different pathological conditions, it is most often observed after cerebral infarction or hemorrhage and affects up to two thirds of right hemisphere of stroke patients acutely (Stone et al., 1991; Bowen et al., 1999). Unilateral neglect is traditionally defined as a failure to report, respond to or orient towards stimuli in contralesional space (Driver Mattingley, 1998; Halligan, Fink, Marshall, Vallar, 2003; Heilman, Watson, Valenstein, 1993). Perhaps a more appropriate description, especially for severe neglect patients, would be to suggest that the patient behaves as if one half – the contralesional side (the left side for patients with right brain da mage) – of their world has simply ceased to exist, they attend instead to items towards the same side as their brain damage—their ipsilesional side. Their neglect may be so profound that they are unaware of large objects, or even people, in extrapersonal space. Neglect may also extend or be confined to personal space, with patients failing to acknowledge their own contralesional body parts in daily life (Bisiach et al., 1986; Zoccolotti Judica, 1991; Beschin Robertson, 1997). The earliest descriptions of unilateral neglect that were able to localize the underlying lesion with any degree of certainty came from cases initially described by Paterson and Zangwill (1944). Identifying the neuroanatomical correlate of spatial neglect in humans is as challenging because human brain lesions vary tremendously in size and the neglect syndrome itself is multifaceted. While the Paterson and Zangwill (1944) case described a patient with a discrete lesion resulting from a penetrating head wound, the more common cause of neglect is a middle cerebral artery stroke causing widespread damage to the lateral cortical surface and underlying white matter that this artery subserves (Duvernoy, 1999). Unilateral spatial neglect has been investigated in a systematic manner, by comparing performances of unselected groups of right and left brain-damaged patients, both of which were asked to perform tasks requiring an adequate exploration of space. However, the results of these studies have been somewhat varied, and there is still disagreement about both qualitative and incidence aspects of unilateral neglect in lateralized cerebral lesions. For example Battersby et al., (1956) found that lesions of the posterior areas of either hemisphere frequently produced unilateral neglect but Hecaen (1962), in his observation series of 59 patients with unilateral spatial neglect found only one case was suffering from a left hemispheric lesion, and emphasized the relationship between unilateral spatial neglect and lesions of the minor hemisphere. Also, Gainotti (1968) attempted to study the same problem by means of a battery of tests simple enough to be administered to all patients; his results s howed that unilateral spatial neglect is not only significantly more frequent, but also definitely more severe in patients suffering from lesions of the right hemisphere. Lesions of the right hemisphere are far more likely to lead to severe and enduring neglect than left hemisphere damage (Bowen et al., 1999; Stone et al., 1992), perhaps because of the specialization of the latter for language. Cortical damage involving the right inferior parietal lobe or nearby temporoparietal junction has classically been implicated in causing neglect (Vallar Perani, 1986). It has become apparent, however, that the syndrome may also follow focal lesions of the inferior frontal lobe (Vallar, 2001; Husain Kennard, 1997), although lesions confined to the frontal lobe may lead to a more transientneglect (Walker, 1998). Recent studies making use of fMRI scans in neglect patients have suggested that the critical region of overlap in a series of neglect patients’ lesions is either in the superior temporal gyrus (Karnath et al., 2001; Karnath et al., 2004) or the temporoparietal junction (Mort et al., 2003). Regarding localization of functions, research has demonstrated the variability (Kertesz, 1979) as well as the extent of the lesions that give rise to particular language disorders. Paul Broca (1861) suggested that lesions in the inferior frontal gyrus, now corresponding to Brodmann’s areas (BA) 44 and 45, were implicated in speech production disorders (Schiller, 1992). However, as advances in technology have made patients’ lesion information easier to obtain (e.g. CT and MRI scans), lesion–symptom relationships derived from the classical models of aphasia have proven to be less predictive than expected. In many instances, left frontal lesions do not result in Broca’s aphasia (Basso, Lecours, Moraschini, Vanier, 1985; Willmes Poeck, 1993). Moreover, fluency problems can be reliably associated to lesions outside of Broca’s area, including underlying white matter tracts and anterior insula (Bates et al., 2003; Damasio, 1992; Dronkers, 1996; Mohr et a l., 1978). Conversely, lesions to Broca’s area can cause deficits in domains other than speech production, indeed even outside of language (Saygin, Wilson, Dronkers, Bates, 2004). Research has shown that a lesion restricted to Broca’s area gives rise to a transient impairment of language production and that the full complement of symptoms associated with Broca’s aphasia (articulation problem coupled with simplified sentence structure—the pattern known as â€Å"agrammatism†) is the result of more extensive damage to the frontal cortex (Mohr et al., 1978). Evidence suggests, moreover, that the articulation problem present in Broca’s aphasia (â€Å"apraxia of speech†) is associated with damage to a portion of the insula, a part of the cerebral cortex that is not visible from the brain’s surface because of the growth of other parts of the frontal lobe (Dronkers, 1996). There are specialized mechanisms for the perception of speech, which consists of brief stimuli that change rapidly in wavelength composition. Isolating input to critical left temporal areas as a result of a left hemisphere lesion, or in some cases lesions in both hemispheres (the lesion on the right deprives the left hemisphere of transcallosal input), results in the disorder known as â€Å"pure word deafness,† in which patients can hear but cannot understand speech; their native tongue, for example, sounds to them like a foreign language. Moreover, these patients have difficulty discriminating between speech sounds (between â€Å"pa† and â€Å"ba,† for example), although they have little or no difficulty producing speech and understanding written language (Saffarn et al., 1976). Virtually all aphasic patients suffer from verbal short-term limitations (as measured, for example, by asking them to repeat digit strings; their performance tends to be well below the n ormal span of about seven.). One particular group with left posterior parietal lesions (Shallice vallar, 1990) suffers from short-term memory limitations but little else, and many of these patients have sentence comprehension deficits similar to those described in Broca’s aphasics (Saffaran Martin. 1990). It is interesting to note that Broca patients also have difficulty with certain grammaticality judgment tasks, in particular, those that entail linking particular word identities (and/or their meanings) to particular locations in the sentence. Thus, they proved to be insensitive to infractions involving reflexive sentences (e.g., â€Å"The woman looked at himself in the mirror†) in which the gender of the pronoun conflicts with that of the noun to which it refers (Linebarger et al., 1983; Linebarger, 1995). This further suggests that the capacity to integrate the various types of information required for the understanding of sentences is limited in these patients. It may also be the case that frontal activation is critical for sentence production. One view of the sentence production deficit in Broca’s aphasics is that it reflects a timing problem in which lexical items are retrieved too slowly to integrate with sentence structure (Kolk, 1995). Lesions that affect anteri or inferior regions of the left temporal lobe are known to result in semantic deficits in which patients have difficulty finding words and understanding them and often exhibit impairments with pictured materials as well (Howard Patterson, 1992).Studying aphasia and its associated lesions in the late 19th century led to many insights about the neural organization of language functions and many of these insights have been confirmed and elaborated in more recent studies using advanced imaging to localize areas of dysfunctional brain tissue associated with particular language deficits or using functional imaging to identify areas of the brain that were activated during a particular language task in normal controls (Wise, 2003; Bookheimer, 2002) or in recovering aphasic Individuals (Price Crinion, 2005). Technological advances in recent years (e.g. functional imaging techniques) have allowed neuroscientists to measure and localize brain activity in healthy individuals. This has fueled the zeitgeist that the lesion method is an inferior and conceivably antiquated technique. Nonetheless, while the lesion method has notable weaknesses, it can be argued that it supplements the newer methods. Additionally, recent developments deals with many of the criticisms of the lesion method. Patients with brain lesions provide a unique window into brain function, and this methodology will fill an important niche in the growing resource of tools that constantly become available to neuroscientists and neuropsychologists for future research. Nevertheless, it is beneficial to consider whether new technologies can be used to optimize the lesion method. Whilst, some of the lesion method’s limitations are intrinsic to the technique, other weakness can be addressed by recent technical innovations. Th e lesion method has much to offer, despite its limitations; new techniques for imaging the brain and analyzing lesion data have the potential to improve the lesion method. Still, the strength and weaknesses of the lesion method and other imaging techniques such as fMRI are complementary, as some brain functions might be difficult to determine using the lesion method alone or functional neuroimaging alone, but can be successfully undertaken with a combination of these techniques (Price Friston, 2002).

John Q. Adams :: essays research papers

John Quinsy Adams was born in Braintree Massachusetts. His other, Abigail Smith Adams and his father, John Adams (2nd president of the United States of America) trained John Quinsy very well. At ten years old John Q. traveled with his father on diplomat missions to Europe. He learned French fluently there in a private school at Paris. After Studying French in Paris Adams studied at the University of Leiden. In 1782 through 1783 he was a secretary and interpreter of the French in Germany. After being a secretary and interpreter in Germany, He traveled to Holland   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Q. Adams was very good and smart at languages, history and mathematics. By the end of his school he was a very good and trust worthy lawyer. Adams came particularly to George Washington’s attention because of the articles he published in the newspaper about defending the president’s policies. As a result of this â€Å"† defending for rights† Washington put Adams in the place for a Dutch ministering the Netherlands. After all this, President James Monroe called Adams to become Secretary of State in 1817.As secretary John Q. Adams was pleased with the schools he participated in, in the past years because they paid off.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adams greatest achievements Secretary of State were the Transcontinental Treaty with Spain. Which was signed on February 22. By this treaty Spain acknowledged east Florida and west Florida to become part of the United States of America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Quinsy Adams may have been the greatest United States Secretary of State. He was not one of the greatest presidents He was really a minority president chosen by the House of Representatives they get the most. Jackson had received the most of the popular votes both at poles and in the state but he lacked a constitutional majority, (which is a major in college) Clay one of the four can dates through all his support in 1824 to Adams in the house in February 1825.After secret conferences between the two electing Adams in the first ballot. Clay had put Adams into the White House in order to become his Secretary of State and successor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  President Adams believed that the American Revelation had already won liberty, at least for White House people, and that this liberty was guaranteed the constitution of the United Sates of America. His policy was to let there be more national power and to make freedom better for the people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On

Free Speech in Cyberspace :: Technology Internet Computer Essays

Free Speech in Cyberspace ABSTRACT: Reno v. ACLU, the 1997 landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court providing sweeping protection to speech on the Internet, is usually discussed in terms of familiar First Amendment issues. Little noticed in the decision is the significance of the ontological assumptions of the justices in their first visit to cyberspace. I analyze the apparent awareness of the Supreme Court of ontological issues and problems with their approaches. I also argue that their current ontological assumptions have left open the door to future suppression of free speech as the technology progresses. Ontology is significant because zoning in the physical world has long been recognized as a way to segregate "adult" entertainment from minors. So far, at least, the justices seem to agree that such zoning is not possible in cyberspace, and therefore that adult zones for certain forms of expression are not possible. But this conclusion is far from settled. The degree of free speech on the Inter net in the future will depend on whether or not our ontological understanding of cyberspace supports such zoning or renders it incoherent or impossible. Reno v. ACLU is the 1997 landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court providing sweeping free speech protection on the Internet. Understandably, commentators from legal and political spheres have discussed the case in terms of familiar First Amendment issues, including precedents from telecommunications law, the long-recognized exception to free speech for "obscenity," and concern for the exposure of children to inappropriate materials. Little noticed in the decision is the significance of the ontological assumptions of the justices in their first visit to cyberspace. I will analyze their apparent awareness of ontological issues and problems with their approaches. I also will argue that their current ontological assumptions might have left open the door to future suppression of free speech as the technology progresses. How do ontological assumptions open the door to censorship? Zoning in the physical world has long been established as a way to segregate "adult" entertainment from minors, as with the creation of adult book store and entertainment zones. So far, at least, most of the justices seem to agree that such zoning is not possible in cyberspace, and, therefore, that adult zones for certain forms of expression are not possible either. But this conclusion is far from settled. The degree of free speech on the Internet in the future will depend on whether or not our ontological understanding of cyberspace supports such zoning or renders it incoherent and thus impossible.

Can international law change the world Essay

Sir Christopher John Greenwood was born in 1955. Currently he is a judge of the ICC whereby he was elected to the position on 6th November 2008. Before being elected as an ICC judge, Sir Christopher John Greenwood was a professor at London School of Economics where by taught international law. In addition, he was a barrister who most often made appearance before the international court of justice, the English Courts and the European Court Of Human Rights among other tribunals. During an interview as evidenced in the video, Judge Sir Christopher John Greenwood puts it clear that the international law has the power to change the way world operates. He further argues that, while each system of the national law strives to regulate affairs within only a single society, the international law has the concern of the whole world. In contrary, judge Sir Christopher John Greenwood argues that, though the international laws has the power to change the world and the way different systems of the world operate, there is yet no methods of enforcement available to the national legal systems. According to Sir Christopher, the international law can change the security and political stability of the different nations of the globe if only there could be efficient and effective measures put in place that would ensure the different national systems comply. Moreover, Sir Christopher says that if the different national systems could comply with international laws like those concerning weapons and international peace, international health like those stipulated in the world health organization (WHO) among other laws made to ensure that the social welfare of the different socio-economic classes of people would change the world to a greater extend. In addition to this, Sir Christopher further argues that following compliance to the different international economic laws would change the way business is carried globally by different nations. Compliance to the international laws would make the transactions between different nations secure since are governed. Moreover, international economic laws would standardize how business is carried in the world. In a broad spectrum, the international laws can only change the world if the different nation systems comply. It will be of great importance if the different world systems comply to the international laws for better so as to steer development through trade standardization among other things. 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- YouTube London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)121K subscribersSubscribeCan International Law Change the World?Watch laterShareInfoShoppingTap to unmute1:19:00If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device.More videosFull screen is unavailable. 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Literacy for Adolescence Education Essay

The past couple of years have seen a much more focused and concerned behavior towards the curriculum followed by the students and this has gained momentum in the last two decades where the standard movements made the education planners and developers to go over and pay further attention as to what they are teaching their students. The behavior also came into existence after the gap between the educational standards of the foreign students and the American students was perceived as getting wider. This created a wave of panic in the educators who began to fear that their own students are lacking behind in their work and educational standards which is going to have a deep and long lasting effect on the American country. As arts is also an educational field it also came under this movement and so the arts schools are also now competing for existence and focusing deeply on their curriculum. The importance of arts cannot be denied by anyone as it plays a vital role in the student’s life and without it the students are denied the importance of visualizing whatever they are studying in their text books. The knowledge containing in the books are very important for a student to get the concept but without actually visualizing what is written in the text books that knowledge is not worth anything. The art becomes a medium for the students to understand and to see what they are studying without which they would have the knowledge of the books but won’t have any clue as to why or what that knowledge is referring to e. g. take an atom for example. A student can be taught the basic definition, importance, function and parts etc of these basic building blocks but the students wouldn’t be able to grasp the full concept behind an atom without seeing a picture of it and visualizing it. And this is where the study of arts comes in and develops the educational skills of the students. Art helps in exposing the students in encouraging their skills which can be gained through various forms of arts like drama, music, visual paintings etc. The school programs require both kinds of art forms and because of this varying schools promote and focus on it in different ways. This article makes an interesting and intelligent point that the teachers, rather than just focusing on making the students learn their course books, should encourage and help the students in developing their skills on their own. The teachers should focus that their role is not only to help the students to learn but also to make them see the actual hidden meaning behind the words and various subjects. For this arts has to be inculcated into the students so that they can focus on their true potentials. Not only the teachers but the parents and the education providers should encourage them to take maximum benefit from the field of arts as they can. But all the good things have a price to them and similarly the institutions should take the cost into account and make proper financial plans so as to increase and promote the use of art studies as much as they can. Through proper planning and focusing on the importance the education providers would be giving the students maximum opportunity to develop their skills. Bibliography High School Journal. (2008). Enhancing student learning through arts integration: implications for the profession. Retrieved February 12, 2009 from